How to locate activation for caller ID on TV

You can’t find it because nothing like that exists. Your TV either supports caller id or it doesn’t. If it does, turning it on would be somewhere in your tv settings, not a link.

From what TV provider? Many no longer offer it and there's no third party devices I know of. 

Which TV provider? DirecTv satellite service on their DVR box has a phone jack, need to plug phone line onto the jack.

Uverse IPTV used to have called ID if had triple play bundle of internet, phone and tv service. This product has not been offered since March 2020.